TITLE
Forest Inventory of a Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 6 (the biogeochemical reference watershed) 1987
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Thomas G.
Siccama
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
OTHERS INVOLVED
Chris
Johnson
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13244
USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13244
USA
Steve
Hamburg
Center for Environmental Studies, Urban Ecology Laboratory, Brown University
Providence, RI 02912
USA
Center for Environmental Studies, Urban Ecology Laboratory, Brown University
Providence, RI 02912
USA
Tim
Fahey
Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
USA
Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
USA
Charley
Driscoll
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13244
USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13244
USA
Gene
Likens
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Millbrook, NY 12545
USA
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Millbrook, NY 12545
USA
F. H.
Bormann
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
BEGIN DATE
1965
END DATE
Ongoing
LOCATION
Watershed 6 is a 13.23 ha watershed extending from the weir at 560m to the ridge at 790m.
West bounding coordinate: -71.743462
East bounding coordinate: -71.735649
North bounding coordinate: 43.957001
South bounding coordinate: 43.949928
East bounding coordinate: -71.735649
North bounding coordinate: 43.957001
South bounding coordinate: 43.949928
Elevation
Minimum: 560
Maximum: 790
(Unit: meter)
Maximum: 790
(Unit: meter)
SAMPLING BACKGROUND
The forest was first sampled in 1965. The hydrology has been monitored since 1963. Surveys were initiated in 1965, repeated in 1977, and repeated at 5 year intervals after that. These data were collected in the summer of 1987. The stream water chemistry has been monitored since 1963. The watershed is forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 90 % of its area and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 10%. Surveying techniques were used in 1965 to install a grid system of 208 grid cells, each 25 x 25 m square. These grid units serve as the plot system. See the following links for more information: http://www.hubbardbrook.org/watersheds/maps/w6_zones.htm and http://www.hubbardbrook.org/watersheds/w6_grid_elevations.htm.
SAMPLING DESIGN
The inventory consists of a total inventory of all trees >=10 cm dbh on the whole of the watershed (13.23 ha), as measured in each of the 208 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees >=2 to <=10 cm dbh were inventoried on 35 of the 25 m x 25 m plots (http://hubbardbrook.org/watersheds/maps/w6_small_tree_plots.htm).
DATA DESCRIPTION
The data consist of the diameters (dbh) of all the trees >=10 cm dbh, live and dead, in the whole of the watershed. (8602 individual stems). Dead trees were recorded as standing dead trees (trees dead but retaining most of their fine branches) and as snags (trees broken off above dbh or with only their major large branches still intact). Live trees were noted "sick" if they had very sparse foliage or yellowing foliage in the mid summer sampling. The presence and effect of beech bark disease was also noted. Diseased beech showed signs of beech bark disease (cankers) but did not otherwise show evidence of crown decline. Diseased beech with crown in decline had both cankers and
were showing signs of physiological stress.
A subsample of trees >=2 cm dbh and <=10cm dbh were measured at the same time (2457 individual stems).
All stems that met the size criteria were measured individually, and in some years it was noted whether a stem was part of a group of stems from the same tree (i.e. multiple stems that split from a single trunk below breast height). For W6, whether or not a stem was part of a group was not recorded until 2002.
NOTES
It is not possible to compare these data between sampling years on a plot by plot basis, since trees are not individually tagged and plot corners have shifted slightly over time. At the time of the 1977 and 1982 inventories, many of the aluminum rods marking plot corners had come out and were replaced but not resurveyed. Also trees on the lines between plots can "drift" between plots between years depending on the observers line of sight or decision as to whether the center of the base of a tree is in one plot or the adjoining plot. In 1989 we prepared maps of each plot on which we outlined edge trees and assigned them to one plot or another. These maps have been copied on the backs of the field data collection sheets in the more recent years such that problem trees can be assigned consistently.
For extensive notes about the details of these surveys and subsequent calculations, see the notes indicated at the bottom of the interactive calculation programs.
CALCULATIONS
Aboveground and belowground biomass was estimated for each stem in the inventory and is included in the data. Estimates were based on species-specific allometric equations developed at Hubbard Brook. See "How do we quantify a forest?" for details.
Phytosociology or biomass summaries can be obtained by using our interactive calculators. Phytosociology summaries include basal area, density and frequency of each species for the watershed as a whole or for smaller units as chosen by the user. Diameter distributions for a specific species can also be selected. Biomass summaries include biomass estimates by plant part for each species for the watershed as a whole or for smaller units as chosen by the user. Options to estimate productivity and total nutrient pools in the vegetation are also available. For extensive details about how these calculations are made, see the notes indicated at the bottom of the calculator pages.
REFERENCES
- Whittaker, R.H., Likens, G.E., Bormann, F.H., Eaton, J.S., and Siccama, T.G. 1979. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: forest nutrient cycling and element behavior. Ecology 60(1):203-220.
- Whittaker, R.H., Bormann, F.H., Likens, G.E., and Siccama, T.G. 1974. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: forest biomass and production. Ecol. Monogr. 44(2):233-254.
- Bormann, F.H., Siccama, T.G., Likens, G.E., and Whittaker, R.H. 1970. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: composition and dynamics of the tree stratum. Ecol. Monogr. 40(4):373-388.
DATA ACCESS GUIDELINES
Publications using these data from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study must include the following paragraph: Some data used in this publication were obtained by scientists of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; this publication has not been reviewed by those scientists. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northeastern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Please note that data sharing and availability policy varies among the datasets available. Publishers of Hubbard Brook data are encouraged to contact the original data provider to obtain information for an acknowledgement of the original funding source of the research.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
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By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
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individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
Registration
Name
Affiliation
Email address
Full Contact Info
Acceptance of the General Public Use Agreement or Restricted Data Use Agreement, as applicable
A Statement of Intended Use that is compliant with the above agreements. Such statements may be made submitted explicitly or made implicitly via the data access portal interface.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
Acceptable Use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, educational, government, recreational, or other not-for-profit professional purposes. The Data User is permitted to produce and distribute derived works from this dataset provided that they are released under the same license terms as those accompanying this Data Set. Any other uses for the Data Set or its derived products will require explicit permission from the dataset owner.
Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.
Collaboration. The Data Set has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
individual or institution that produced the Data Set
individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
NOTES ON DATA
The data have not yet been used in a direct publication. However the estimates of the nutrient capital in the following papers have been based on this inventory. Also the older original publications explain the setting and summarize the structure and composition of the forest as it existed in 1965.The data is physically located at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Original field notes are in Greeley Lab, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT. It was last updated in October, 2003 by Ellen Denny.
CONTACT PERSON
Thomas G.
Siccama
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
205 Prospect St.
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
Phone: (203)-432-5140
Email: thomas.siccama@yale.edu
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
205 Prospect St.
New Haven, CT 06511
USA
Phone: (203)-432-5140
Email: thomas.siccama@yale.edu
Data file:
w687veg.txt
Description: Tree data for Watershed 6 1987
CODES
Description: Tree data for Watershed 6 1987
| Column | Variable | Description | Units | Coded? | Missing value label |
| 1 | Plot | plot number | none | y | none |
| 2 | Zn | vegetation zone | none | y | none |
| 3 | Sp | species acronym | none | y | none |
| 4 | Sp# | species number | none | y | none |
| 5 | Seq# | sequence number (unique number for each tree; multiple stems of same tree have same sequence) | none | y | none |
| 6 | Tag# | tag number (not relevant until 2002 when W6 trees were tagged) | none | y | - |
| 7 | Dbh | diameter at breast height, in cm | centimeter | n | none |
| 8 | Vig | vigor code | none | y | none |
| 9 | AbvBmss | aboveground biomass in kilograms estimated for each stem | kilogram | n | none |
| 10 | BlwBmss | belowground biomass in kilograms estimated for each stem | kilogram | n | none |
| 11 | 2-10 | presence (1) or absence (0) of measured trees in the 2 - 10 cm diameter class for that plot (in some years, not all plots were measured) | none | y | none |
| 12 | 10Area | plot area in square meters for plot on which trees >=10 cm dbh were measured | squareMeter | n | - |
| 13 | 2-10Area | plot area in square meters for plot on which trees 2-10 cm dbh were measured | squareMeter | n | - |
Variable: Plot
|
Description:
|
An integer representing the plot
|
|
Code
|
Description
|
|
1
|
primarily spruce/fir forest on the ridge top - 26 plots
|
|
2
|
high hardwoods - 26 plots
|
|
3
|
slightly lower high hardwoods - 29 plots (can be combined with zone 2)
|
|
4
|
middle elevation hardwoods - 90 plots
|
|
5
|
lower elevation hardwoods - 37 plots
|
|
Sp#
|
Sp code
|
Sp/Sp# description
|
|
1
|
ACSA
|
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
|
|
2
|
FAGR
|
American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
|
|
3
|
BEAL
|
Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
|
|
4
|
FRAM
|
White ash (Fraxinus americana)
|
|
5
|
ACSP
|
Mountain maple (Acer spicatum)
|
|
6
|
ACPE
|
Striped maple or moose wood (Acer pensylvanicum)
|
|
7
|
PRPE
|
Pin or fire cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
|
|
8
|
PRVI
|
Choke cherry (Prunus virginiana)
|
|
9
|
ABBA
|
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
|
|
10
|
PIRU
|
Red spruce (Picea rubens)
|
|
11
|
BEPA
|
White or paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
|
|
12
|
SOAM
|
Mountain ash (Sorbus americana)
|
|
13
|
ACRU
|
Red maple (Acer rubrum)
|
|
14
|
TSCA
|
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
|
|
15
|
UNKN
|
unknown, used for unidentifiable rotten snags
|
|
16
|
POTR
|
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
|
|
17
|
PRSE
|
Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
|
|
18
|
AMSP
|
Shadbush (Amelanchier sp.)
|
|
19
|
POGR
|
Big-tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
|
|
20
|
SASP
|
Willow (Salix sp.)
|
|
21
|
COAL
|
Alternate-leaved dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
|
|
22
|
PRSP
|
Cherry (unspecified) (Prunus sp.)
|
|
Description:
|
A positive integer representing the sequence number for the current sample
|
|
Description:
|
A positive integer tag identifier
|
|
Code
|
Description
|
|
0
|
healthy
|
|
1
|
diseased beech (with beech bark disease)
|
|
2
|
diseased beech with crown in decline
|
|
3
|
sick (trees with crown in decline)
|
|
4
|
standing dead tree
|
|
5
|
standing dead snag (no limbs left)
|
|
Code
|
Description
|
|
1
|
presence
|
|
0
|
absence
|