TITLE
Long-term trends in abundance of Lepidoptera larvae in northern hardwood forests
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Richard T.
Holmes
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College
BEGIN DATE
1986
END DATE
1997
LOCATION
HBEF, Bird Area, adjacent to lower third of watershed 6.
West bounding coordinate: -71.804985
East bounding coordinate: -71.697350
North bounding coordinate: 43.962128
South bounding coordinate: 43.915932
East bounding coordinate: -71.697350
North bounding coordinate: 43.962128
South bounding coordinate: 43.915932
Moosilauke site: 8 km north of HBEF. Plot located 100 m NW of NH route
118, 8 km west of North Woodstock, NH (in township of Woodstock, NH)
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Russell Pond site: 11 km NE of HBEF. Plot located 1.2 km SW of Russell Pond,
Thornton, NH
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Stinson Mountain site: 13 km SW of HBEF. Plot located 1.7 km E of Stinson
Mountain lookout tower, Rumney, NH
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LOCATION DESCRIPTION
HBEF data were obtained in the 10-ha bird study plot, adjacent to (south/southwest) Wier 6. Other 3 "replicate" sites located outside HBEF, but in White Mountain National Forest at same elevations and aspects and in stands with similar forest history and vegetation. See site descriptions below.
SITE DESCRIPTIONS
SITE: "Hubbard Brook"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: HBEF, Bird Area, adjacent to lower third of watershed 6.
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Moosilauke"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 8 km north of HBEF. Plot located 100 m NW of NH route 118, 8 km west of North Woodstock, NH (in township of Woodstock, NH)
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Russell Pond"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 11 km NE of HBEF. Plot located 1.2 km SW of Russell Pond, Thornton, NH.
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Stinson Mountain"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 13 km SW of HBEF. Plot located 1.7 km E of Stinson Mountain lookout tower, Rumney, NH
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
DATA DESCRIPTION
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: HBEF, Bird Area, adjacent to lower third of watershed 6.
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Moosilauke"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 8 km north of HBEF. Plot located 100 m NW of NH route 118, 8 km west of North Woodstock, NH (in township of Woodstock, NH)
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Russell Pond"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 11 km NE of HBEF. Plot located 1.2 km SW of Russell Pond, Thornton, NH.
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
SITE: "Stinson Mountain"
OWNER: National Forest
CHARACTERISTICS:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: 13 km SW of HBEF. Plot located 1.7 km E of Stinson Mountain lookout tower, Rumney, NH
VEGETATION: Northern hardwoods forest (beech, sugar maple, yellow birch)
HISTORY: Selectively logged in early 1900s. Forests approximately 75-90 years of age at time of sampling.
Numbers and lengths of Lepidoptera Larvae (caterpillars, all species) censused on shrub level foliage at biweekly intervals from late May/early June through late July/early August each year. Samples taken at HBEF from 1986-1997 on American Beech and Sugar Maple in all years, plus Hobblebush and Striped Maple in 1996 and 1997. Other plots sampled from 1986-1995 on American Beech and Sugar Maple only. Data on numbers and lengths converted to dry weight biomass per 50-leaf unit, using length-weight regression (see "Calculations" below).
SAMPLING DESIGN
Visual censuses of larvae on two 50-leaf samples at each of 40 grid intersection points, located at 50 m intervals, on each tree species (American beech and sugar maple in all years, hobblebush and striped maple in 1996 and 1997 on HBEF plot only). Thus, 4000 leaves of each tree species were searched at 2-week intervals at each site from late May to late July/early August (4-6 sampling periods each year).
CALCULATIONS
Caterpillar biomass determined from a length-weight (dry) regression (J.C. Schultz and R.T. Holmes, unpubl. data; see Rodenhouse 1986, Ph.D. Thesis, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH). Lengths were measured on animals in situ in the field.
REFERENCES
- Holmes, R.T., Sherry, T.W., and Sturges, F.W. 1986. Bird community dynamics in a temperate deciduous forest: long-term trends at Hubbard Brook. Ecological Monographs 56:201-220.
- Holmes, R.T., Sherry, T.W., and Sturges, F.W. 1991. Numerical and demographic responses of temperate forest birds to annual fluctuations in their food resources. Acta International Ornithological Congress 20:1559-1567.
- Holmes, R.T., and Schultz, J.C. 1988. Food availability for forest birds: effects of prey distribution and abundance on bird foraging. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:720-728.
DATA ACCESS GUIDELINES
Publications using these data from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study must include the following paragraph: Some data used in this publication were obtained by scientists of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; this publication has not been reviewed by those scientists. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northeastern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Please note that data sharing and availability policy varies among the datasets available. Publishers of Hubbard Brook data are encouraged to contact the original data provider to obtain information for an acknowledgement of the original funding source of the research.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
Registration
Name
Affiliation
Email address
Full Contact Info
Acceptance of the General Public Use Agreement or Restricted Data Use Agreement, as applicable
A Statement of Intended Use that is compliant with the above agreements. Such statements may be made submitted explicitly or made implicitly via the data access portal interface.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
Acceptable Use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, educational, government, recreational, or other not-for-profit professional purposes. The Data User is permitted to produce and distribute derived works from this dataset provided that they are released under the same license terms as those accompanying this Data Set. Any other uses for the Data Set or its derived products will require explicit permission from the dataset owner.
Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.
Collaboration. The Data Set has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
individual or institution that produced the Data Set
individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
Registration
Name
Affiliation
Email address
Full Contact Info
Acceptance of the General Public Use Agreement or Restricted Data Use Agreement, as applicable
A Statement of Intended Use that is compliant with the above agreements. Such statements may be made submitted explicitly or made implicitly via the data access portal interface.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
Acceptable Use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, educational, government, recreational, or other not-for-profit professional purposes. The Data User is permitted to produce and distribute derived works from this dataset provided that they are released under the same license terms as those accompanying this Data Set. Any other uses for the Data Set or its derived products will require explicit permission from the dataset owner.
Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.
Collaboration. The Data Set has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
individual or institution that produced the Data Set
individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
NOTES ON DATA
The data is physically located at Dartmouth College and was last updated in 1997.
CONTACT PERSON
Richard T.
Holmes
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH 03755
USA
Email: richard.t.holmes@dartmouth.edu
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH 03755
USA
Email: richard.t.holmes@dartmouth.edu
Data file:
leps.txt
Description: "Leps.txt" is a text file containing all the lepidoptera data for 1986 - 1997. The first row is the column labels. There are no zeros in the dataset (i.e. grid points where no leps were found are not included). Data from American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) for all plots are given for the years 1986-1995. Only Hubbard Brook was censused for leps in 1996 and 1997, and in those two years, samples were also obtained from Striped maple (Acer pensylvanica) and Hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium). Data are given for number, taxon (family level), and biomass conversion (in mg) for larvae found in each 50-leaf sampling unit.
CODES
Description: "Leps.txt" is a text file containing all the lepidoptera data for 1986 - 1997. The first row is the column labels. There are no zeros in the dataset (i.e. grid points where no leps were found are not included). Data from American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) for all plots are given for the years 1986-1995. Only Hubbard Brook was censused for leps in 1996 and 1997, and in those two years, samples were also obtained from Striped maple (Acer pensylvanica) and Hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium). Data are given for number, taxon (family level), and biomass conversion (in mg) for larvae found in each 50-leaf sampling unit.
| Column | Variable | Description | Units | Coded? | Missing value label |
| 1 | date | Sample date | M/DD/YY | n | none |
| 2 | yearday | Nominal day of year | none | y | none |
| 3 | plot | Plot number | none | y | none |
| 4 | count | sample group per year | none | y | none |
| 5 | grid letter | grid letter | none | y | none |
| 6 | grid number | grid number | none | y | none |
| 7 | tree spec | tree species | none | y | none |
| 8 | tree rep | replicate for tree | none | y | none |
| 9 | number lep | number of larvae per 50 leaf sample | number | n | none |
| 10 | lep species | lepidoptera taxa | none | y | none |
| 11 | lep length | total combined length of lepidoptera found on 50 leaf sample | millimeter | n | none |
| 12 | lepbio mass(mg) | total biomass of lepidoptera found on 50 leaf sample | milligram | n | none |
Variable: yearday
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Description:
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A 1 to 3 digit number representing the day of the year. Must be between 1 and 366 (inclusive).
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Code
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Description
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1
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Hubbard Brook
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2
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Moosilauke
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3
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Russell
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4
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Stinson
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Description:
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An integer representing the yearly sample group.
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Description:
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A valid capitol letter from A-Z representing a grid
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Description:
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A valid number representing an existent grid. Usually in the form #.5
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Code
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Description
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1
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Beech
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2
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Sugar maple
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3
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Striped maple
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4
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Viburnum
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Description:
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A valid number for a tree replicate
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Code
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Description
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2
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Geometrid
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3
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Noctuid
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4
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Notodontid
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5
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Pyraloid, Tortricoid, Coliophorid, Psychid
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6
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Other species
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