TITLE
Mirror Lake Thermal Profiles
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Gene E.
Likens
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Thomas C.
Winter
US Geological Survey
US Geological Survey
BEGIN DATE
July 1981
END DATE
Ongoing
LOCATION
Central buoy station on Mirror Lake
West bounding coordinate: -71.696076
East bounding coordinate: -71.689735
North bounding coordinate: 43.945922
South bounding coordinate: 43.940460
East bounding coordinate: -71.689735
North bounding coordinate: 43.945922
South bounding coordinate: 43.940460
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Water temperature measurements made by hand-held instrument from a boat at an anchored buoy station located at the deepest part (11 m at full pool) of Mirror Lake. The lake is usually ice-covered from about 1 December to about 15 April each year. Bottom sediments at deepest station are soft and organic in nature. Numerous studies have been conducted on Mirror Lake since the mid-1960s, including extensive physical, chemical, biological, and paleoecological research which are described in detail in the book: An Ecosystem Approach toAquatic Ecology (Likens, 1985).
SAMPLING DESIGN
Temperatures were determined by thermistor probe (Whitney, YSI, or Digisense), calibrated to 0.1oC with an NBS-certified, laboratory-grade thermometer, before rowing to the buoy station. Typically, measurements are made at the surface (<0.05m), and intervals of 1m below that to the maximum depth obtainable (approximately 10.7m at the buoy station). Deepest measurement is with probe resting on bottom sediments.
Thermal data were used in determining annual energy budgets (heat fluxes) as an alternate means of estimating water losses via evaporation, in support of studies of water budgets for Mirror Lake (see Winter et al. (In prep.)).
DATA DESCRIPTION
Thermal profiles consisting of temperatures measured at discrete depths, conducted during the open water (ice-free) season. Depth measurements up to August 1982 were made in feet, and the data arrays converted to meters later, so that recorded depth intervals for these data are not necessarily in whole meters. Data collections by hand from the rowboat were discontinued after 1986 with the installation of an automated, raft-based system. With removal of raft in 1990, profiles were once again collected manually.
REFERENCES
- Buso, D.C., Likens, G.E., and Eaton, J.S. 2000. Chemistry of precipitation, streamwater, and lakewater from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: a record of sampling protocols and analytical procedures. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-275. 52 pp.
- Likens, G.E. 1985. An Ecosystem Approach to Aquatic Ecology: Mirror Lake and its Environment.
- Sturrock, A.M., Winter, T.C., and Rosenberry, D.O. 1992. Energy Budget Evaporation from Williams Lake: a Closed Lake in North Central Minnesota. Wat. Resour. Res. 28(6):1605-1617.
- Winter, T.C. 1984. Geohydrologic setting of Mirror Lake,West Thornton, New Hampshire. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resour. Investiga. Report 84-4266. 61 pp.
- Winter, T.C., Buso, D.C., Rosenberry, D.O., Likens, G.E., Sturrock, A.M., and Mau, D.P. 2003. Evaporation determined by the energy-budget method for Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48:995–1009.
DATA ACCESS GUIDELINES
Data Access Guidelines for Streamwater Chemistry
We are happy to share these data on the chemistry of Hubbard Brook ecosystems. The public dissemination of these data that we have collected is a responsibility that we take very seriously. As stewards of these long-term data, our highest priorities are:
a. to maintain the integrity of these long-term data;
b. to allow adequate time for the analysis, quality assurance, and publication of results by principal investigators;
c. to acknowledge properly and responsibly the appropriate funding sources.
Therefore, it is HBES policy to make these streamwater data available on this web page five years after the date of collection. Also, in sharing these data with users like yourself, we ask that you adhere to the following guidelines as a matter of common courtesy and ethical responsibility:
1. Please inform us in advance of your interest and plans for use of these data (LikensG@ecostudies.org).
2. The sources of funding used to collect these data must be acknowledged properly. We will provide the appropriate information when we learn what data are being used.
3. We would like to review any manuscripts that utilize extensive amounts (e.g. multiple years) of these data. If data use is extensive, or if these data have not been published previously, it may be appropriate for us to be included as authors on publication that are generated given the additional requirements from us for analysis and interpretation.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
Registration
Name
Affiliation
Email address
Full Contact Info
Acceptance of the General Public Use Agreement or Restricted Data Use Agreement, as applicable
A Statement of Intended Use that is compliant with the above agreements. Such statements may be made submitted explicitly or made implicitly via the data access portal interface.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
Acceptable Use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, educational, government, recreational, or other not-for-profit professional purposes. The Data User is permitted to produce and distribute derived works from this dataset provided that they are released under the same license terms as those accompanying this Data Set. Any other uses for the Data Set or its derived products will require explicit permission from the dataset owner.
Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.
Collaboration. The Data Set has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
individual or institution that produced the Data Set
individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
We are happy to share these data on the chemistry of Hubbard Brook ecosystems. The public dissemination of these data that we have collected is a responsibility that we take very seriously. As stewards of these long-term data, our highest priorities are:
a. to maintain the integrity of these long-term data;
b. to allow adequate time for the analysis, quality assurance, and publication of results by principal investigators;
c. to acknowledge properly and responsibly the appropriate funding sources.
Therefore, it is HBES policy to make these streamwater data available on this web page five years after the date of collection. Also, in sharing these data with users like yourself, we ask that you adhere to the following guidelines as a matter of common courtesy and ethical responsibility:
1. Please inform us in advance of your interest and plans for use of these data (LikensG@ecostudies.org).
2. The sources of funding used to collect these data must be acknowledged properly. We will provide the appropriate information when we learn what data are being used.
3. We would like to review any manuscripts that utilize extensive amounts (e.g. multiple years) of these data. If data use is extensive, or if these data have not been published previously, it may be appropriate for us to be included as authors on publication that are generated given the additional requirements from us for analysis and interpretation.
The access to all LTER data is subject to requirements set forth by this policy document to enable data providers to track usage, evaluate its impact in the community, and confirm users' acceptance of the terms of acceptable use. These requirements are standardized across the LTER Network to provide contractual exchange of data between Site Data Providers, Network Data Providers, and Data Users that can be encoded into electronic form and exchanged between computers. This will allow direct access to data via a common portal once these requirements have been fulfilled. The following information may be required directly or by proxy prior to the transference of any data object:
Registration
Name
Affiliation
Email address
Full Contact Info
Acceptance of the General Public Use Agreement or Restricted Data Use Agreement, as applicable
A Statement of Intended Use that is compliant with the above agreements. Such statements may be made submitted explicitly or made implicitly via the data access portal interface.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
Acceptable Use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, educational, government, recreational, or other not-for-profit professional purposes. The Data User is permitted to produce and distribute derived works from this dataset provided that they are released under the same license terms as those accompanying this Data Set. Any other uses for the Data Set or its derived products will require explicit permission from the dataset owner.
Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.
Collaboration. The Data Set has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
By viewing or downloading the data, I certify that I accept the conditions herein
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
Digital data and its metadata derived from any research activity such as field observations, collections, laboratory analysis, experiments, or the post-processing of existing data and identified by a unique identifier issued by a recognized cataloging authority such as a site, university, agency, or other organization.
ndividual to whom access has been granted to this Data Set, including his or her immediate collaboration sphere, defined here as the institutions, partners, students and staff with whom the Data User collaborates, and with whom access must be granted, in order to fulfill the Data User's intended use of the Data Set
individual or institution that produced the Data Set
individual or institution that holds intellectual property rights to the dataset. Note that this may or may not be defined as a legal copyright. If no other party is designated in the metadata as Data Set Owner, it may be presumed that these rights are held by the Data Set Creator.
individual or institution providing access to the Data Sets.
party designated in the accompanying metadata of the Data Set as the primary contact for the Data Set.
NOTES ON DATA
These data are physically located at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Robert S. Pierce Ecosystem Laboratory, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, W. Thornton, NH.
CONTACT PERSON
Tom
Winter
US Geological Survey WRD
Lakewood, CO 80225
USA
Phone: (303)-236-4987
Email: tcwinter@usgs.gov
US Geological Survey WRD
Lakewood, CO 80225
USA
Phone: (303)-236-4987
Email: tcwinter@usgs.gov
Data file:
mlake-tpro.txt
Description: Mirror Lake thermal profile data
Description: Mirror Lake thermal profile data
| Column | Variable | Description | Units | Coded? | Missing value label |
| 1 | DATE | Sample date | YYYYMMDD | n | none |
| 2 | EST | Eastern Standard Time | hhmm | n | none |
| 3 | stage | Lake stage | foot | n | none |
| 4 | .05m | Depth interval of .05m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 5 | 0.5m | Depth interval of 0.5m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 6 | 0.6m | Depth interval of 0.6m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 7 | 1m | Depth interval of 1m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 8 | 1.2m | Depth interval of 1.2m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 9 | 1.8m | Depth interval of 1.8m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 10 | 2m | Depth interval of 2m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 11 | 2.4m | Depth interval of 2.4m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 12 | 3m | Depth interval of 3m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 13 | 4m | Depth interval of 4m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 14 | 4.3m | Depth interval of 4.3m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 15 | 5m | Depth interval of 5m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 16 | 5.5m | Depth interval of 5.5m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 17 | 6m | Depth interval of 6m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 18 | 6.7m | Depth interval of 6.7m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 19 | 7m | Depth interval of 7m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 20 | 7.9m | Depth interval of 7.9m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 21 | 8m | Depth interval of 8m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 22 | 9m | Depth interval of 9m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 23 | 9.1m | Depth interval of 9.1m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 24 | 10m | Depth interval of 10m | celsius | n | -99.0 |
| 25 | 10.7m | Depth interval of 10.7m | celsius | n | -99.0 |