Charley Driscoll Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University

Syracuse NY USA

Scott Bailey USDA Forest Service, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Campton NH 03223 USA

Joel Blum Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan

Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Don Buso Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Campton NH 03223 USA

Chris Eagar USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station

Durham NH 03824 USA

Tim Fahey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University

Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Melany Fisk Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University

Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Peter Groffman Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Millbrook NY 12545 USA

Chris Johnson Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University

Syracuse NY 13244 USA

Gene Likens Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Millbrook NY 12545 USA

Thomas G. Siccama Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

New Haven CT 06511 USA

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest LTER

U.S. Forest Service 271 Mast Rd. Durham NH 03824 USA

603-868-7643 603-868-7604 http://www.hubbardbrook.org Thomas G. Siccama Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

New Haven CT 06511 USA

associated researcher Chris Johnson Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University

Syracuse NY 13244 USA

associated researcher Tim Fahey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University

Ithaca NY 14853 USA

associated researcher Steve Hamburg Center for Environmental Studies, Urban Ecology Laboratory, Brown University

Providence RI 02912 USA

associated researcher

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Watershed 1 is a 11.8 ha watershed extending from the weir at 488 m to the ridge at 747 m -71.731339 -71.726311 43.959286 43.952053 488 747 meter Year 1996 Ongoing Ongoing Thomas G. Siccama Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

New Haven CT 06511 USA

(203)-432-5140 tgs3@pantheon.yale.edu U.S Forest Service

U.S. Forest Service 271 Mast Rd. Durham NH 03824 USA

603-868-7643 603-868-7604 http://www.hubbardbrook.org Hubbard Brook LTER

Hydrology has been monitored since 1956, and stream water chemistry has been monitored since 1963. The watershed is forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 90 % of its area, and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 10%. Surveying techniques were used in 1996 to install a grid system of 200 grid cells, each 25 x 25 m square (slope corrected). These grid units serve as the coordinate system for sample plot selection. For more spatial information please visit the following links: http://www.hubbardbrook.org/watersheds/maps/w1_grid_map.htm and http://www.hubbardbrook.org/watersheds/w1_grid_elevations.htm. The watershed was surveyed in 1996 and calcium was added in October 1999. A pre-calcium addition forest floor survey was completed in 1996, and another in 1998. This data set was collected in the summer of 1998. Repeated sampling at 1 to 5 year intervals is anticipated to continue.

Each row of the Watershed 1 grid system of 25 x 25 m cells was considered a stratified sampling set and one or more cells was randomly chosen from these lines as cells to be sampled. Some rows are short, with only 1 to 4 cells, and others are longer, up to 9 cells across. The longer rows may have 3 or 4 cells sampled. The short rows may not have any cells sampled. The location of the sampling plot within each cell was selected by an x-y random number system and the location determined by pacing in to the selected coordinates from the corner of the 25 x 25 m cell. 97 of the 200 cells were sampled in 1998.

Once a sampling point was located by pacing, a 15 x 15 cm wooden template was placed on the forest floor and 4 nails were placed through pre-drilled holes, one on each corner. This served to hold the template in place on the forest floor and retain the forest floor material within the sample area beneath the template. A keyhole saw, clippers and a trowel were used to make a clean cut around the template, thus isolating a block of forest floor. The surrounding forest floor material was scraped back from the block leaving it as a pedestal. This block was then undercut in the mineral soil with a saw or trowel to sever any roots. Using a trowel slid beneath the block and our hands on top, the block was carefully picked up and turned over such as to rest on the wooden template. Any remaining mineral soil was carefully scraped away "up" to the bottom of the Oa layer of the forest floor. After all such mineral soil was removed, the total thickness of the block was measured in two places on each of the 4 sides (8 measurements). The thickness of only the Oie was measured in the same manner. Oa thickness was later determined by subtraction of the average Oie thickness from the average total thickness for each block. The block was then separated into Oie and Oa, and each placed in a separate plastic bag for return to the laboratory.

Long term forest floor sampling has been carried out on Watershed 6 since 1970. Watershed 1 was added to this sampling in 1996 as part of the calcium addition experiment.

The Oie was oven dried at 80 oC to a constant weight, and ground in a Wiley mill to pass a 2 mm screen. Large solid sticks and roots larger than the size of a pencil and obviously alive or fresh, were removed and weighed. These were not ground and were not included in the Oie forest floor mass calculations. The Oa was air dried, weighed and then sieved through a 0.5 cm stainless steel screen. Sticks, roots and debris (coarse fraction) not passing through the screen with mild pressure were weighed. Stones which were rarely present in the Oa, were also included in the coarse fraction. Material passing through the screen was weighed and rebagged. A subsample of this air dry screened soil was weighed, oven dried at 80 oC and weighed again. Then an air dry to oven dry conversion factor was determined in order to express the total Oa soil mass on an oven dry weight basis. The oven dried subsample of Oa was ground in a Wiley mill to pass a 2 mm screen and stored in a paper envelope. Samples of the ground/screened Oie and Oa were put in 4 oz. glass jars for long term preservation in the Hubbard Brook archives. All residual material, including sticks and roots screened out of the samples, have been put in boxes for preservation. For determination of organic content and chemical analysis, a 0.5 g sample of the oven dry ground material was placed in a pre-weighed crucible and ashed overnight at 500 oC. The ashed material was cooled and weighed. The ash was eluted with 8 ml of 6N HNO3 and heated for a few minutes (to a simmer) on a hot plate. The hot extract solution was poured into a filter paper (Whatmann # 41 ashless) in a funnel and into a 50 ml volumetric flask. The crucible and the material on the filter paper were rinsed several times with distilled deionized water. Following these several rinsings, the volume in the flask was brought up to 50 ml with distilled deionized water. The 50 ml of extract solution was then placed in 60 ml plastic bottles for storage until chemical analysis. The ash remaining on the filter paper was saved and later put in 4 oz. jars. The elements Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu were determined for each sample using an ICP spectrometer. The ash remaining on the filter paper will be dissolved in hydrofloric acid and analyzed for these elements. Carbon and nitrogen were determined using oven dried ground material on a CHN analyzer--C and N data are not yet available. These elements are being analyzed by Steve Hamburg at Brown University.

Concentrations of elements in the forest floor were calculated on an oven dry weight basis. Total amounts of the elements were estimated on a per square meter basis by extrapolating up from the 15 x 15 cm sample mass. Forest floor thickness, species contributing litter to the sample site, and E horizon intensity for each plot are given in dataTable 1. Total mass, organic matter mass, and LOI of the forest floor are presented in dataTable 2. Amounts of Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb are presented in dataTable 3. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb are presented in dataTable 4.

uid=HBR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read W1 1998 forest floor data summary w198ffs.txt Plain text http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/companion_files/forest_floor/w198ffs.txt Text file W1 calcium addition summary index.html HTML http://www.hubbardbrook.org/research/longterm/calcium/w1_overview/index.html Webpage w198ffa Hubbard Brook Forest Floor Data - Watershed 1 1998 - 97 15x15 cm excavated blocks Element amounts w198ffa.txt ASCII 7 \r\n column 0x2c http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?firstname=metacat&lastname=user&affiliation=Other&view=1&accept=1&comments=none&phone=6035551212&email=none@loopback.com&target=w198ffa.txt

Original field data sheets are in Greeley Lab, 370 Prospect Street, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Samples of forest floor material in jars will be located in the USFS archive building at the HBEF in Woodstock, NH. Residual material (extra) is in boxes at Greeley Lab at the Yale Forestry School.

Plot Plot# A counting number representing an existent plot Calcium (g/m2) Oie Calcium amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Calcium (g/m2) Oa Calcium amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Calcium (g/m2) Total Calcium amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Magnesium (g/m2) Oie Magnesium amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Magnesium (g/m2) Oa Magnesium amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Magnesium (g/m2) Total Magnesium amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Potassium (g/m2) Oie Potassium amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Potassium (g/m2) Oa Potassium amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Potassium (g/m2) Total Potassium amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Phosphorous (g/m2) Oie Phosphorous amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Phosphorous (g/m2) Oa Phosphorous amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Phosphorous (g/m2) Total Phosphorous amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Manganese (g/m2) Oie Manganese amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Manganese (g/m2) Oa Manganese amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Manganese (g/m2) Total Manganese amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .01 real Copper (g/m2) Oie Copper amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Copper (g/m2) Oa Copper amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Copper (g/m2) Total Copper amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Zinc (g/m2) Oie Zinc amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Zinc (g/m2) Oa Zinc amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Zinc (g/m2) Total Zinc amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Lead (g/m2) Oie Lead amount for Oie (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Lead (g/m2) Oa Lead amount for Oa (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real Lead (g/m2) Total Lead amount for forest floor in total (g/m2) gramsPerSquareMeter .001 real w198ffc Hubbard Brook Forest Floor Data - Watershed 1 1998 - 97 15x15 cm excavated blocks Element concentrations w198ffc.txt ASCII 7 \r\n column 0x2c http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?firstname=metacat&lastname=user&affiliation=Other&view=1&accept=1&comments=none&phone=6035551212&email=none@loopback.com&target=w198ffc.txt

Original field data sheets are in Greeley Lab, 370 Prospect Street, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Samples of forest floor material in jars will be located in the USFS archive building at the HBEF in Woodstock, NH. Residual material (extra) is in boxes at Greeley Lab at the Yale Forestry School.

Plot Plot# A counting number representing an existent plot Calcium (ppm) Oie Calcium concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Calcium (ppm) Oa Calcium concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Magnesium (ppm) Oie Magnesium concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Magnesium (ppm) Oa Magnesium concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Potassium (ppm) Oie Potassium concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Potassium (ppm) Oa Potassium concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Phosphorous (ppm) Oie Phosphorous concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Phosphorous (ppm) Oa Phosphorous concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Manganese (ppm) Oie Manganese concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Manganese (ppm) Oa Manganese concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Copper (ppm) Oie Copper concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Copper (ppm) Oa Copper concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Zinc (ppm) Oie Zinc concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Zinc (ppm) Oa Zinc concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Lead (ppm) Oie Lead concentration for Oie (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 Lead (ppm) Oa Lead concentration for Oa (ppm of oven dry sample) number .1 real -8888 w198ffe Hubbard Brook Forest Floor Data - Watershed 1 1998 - 97 15x15 cm excavated blocks Field data w198ffe.txt ASCII 5 \r\n column 0x2c http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?firstname=metacat&lastname=user&affiliation=Other&view=1&accept=1&comments=none&phone=6035551212&email=none@loopback.com&target=w198ffe.txt

Original field data sheets are in Greeley Lab, 370 Prospect Street, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Samples of forest floor material in jars will be located in the USFS archive building at the HBEF in Woodstock, NH. Residual material (extra) is in boxes at Greeley Lab at the Yale Forestry School.

Plot Plot# plots 1 to 200 from the top of the watershed to the base (not all plots were sampled) E Code E horizon development intensity 0 absent 1 weak -- "salt and pepper" 2 good -- clearly present 3 excellent -- deep and well-developed -9999 Major species (1) One of the three most important species directly over the plot ACSA Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) FAGR Fagus grandifolia (American beech) BEAL Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow birch) FRAM Fraxinus americana (White ash) ACSP Acer spicatum (Mountain maple) ACPE Acer pensylvanicum (Striped maple or moose wood) ABBA Abies balsamea (Balsam fir) PIRU Picea rubens (Red spruce) BEPA Betula papyrifera (White or paper birch) SOAM Sorbus americana (Mountain ash) ACRU Acer rubrum (Red maple) XXXX Place holder when only one or two species are present in table Major species (2) One of the three most important species directly over the plot ACSA Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) FAGR Fagus grandifolia (American beech) BEAL Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow birch) FRAM Fraxinus americana (White ash) ACSP Acer spicatum (Mountain maple) ACPE Acer pensylvanicum (Striped maple or moose wood) ABBA Abies balsamea (Balsam fir) PIRU Picea rubens (Red spruce) BEPA Betula papyrifera (White or paper birch) SOAM Sorbus americana (Mountain ash) ACRU Acer rubrum (Red maple) XXXX Place holder when only one or two species are present in table Major species (3) One of the three most important species directly over the plot ACSA Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) FAGR Fagus grandifolia (American beech) BEAL Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow birch) FRAM Fraxinus americana (White ash) ACSP Acer spicatum (Mountain maple) ACPE Acer pensylvanicum (Striped maple or moose wood) ABBA Abies balsamea (Balsam fir) PIRU Picea rubens (Red spruce) BEPA Betula papyrifera (White or paper birch) SOAM Sorbus americana (Mountain ash) ACRU Acer rubrum (Red maple) XXXX Place holder when only one or two species are present in table Total thickness (cm) (1) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (2) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (3) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (4) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (5) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (6) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (7) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Total thickness (cm) (8) One of eight measures of thickness of forest floor block (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (1) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (2) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (3) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (4) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (5) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (6) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (7) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real Oie thickness (cm) (8) One of eight measures of thickness of Oie (in centimeters) centimeter .1 real -9999 w198ffm Hubbard Brook Forest Floor Data - Watershed 1 1998 - 97 15x15 cm excavated blocks Mass data w198ffm.txt ASCII 7 \r\n column 0x2c http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?firstname=metacat&lastname=user&affiliation=Other&view=1&accept=1&comments=none&phone=6035551212&email=none@loopback.com&target=w198ffm.txt

Original field data sheets are in Greeley Lab, 370 Prospect Street, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Samples of forest floor material in jars will be located in the USFS archive building at the HBEF in Woodstock, NH. Residual material (extra) is in boxes at Greeley Lab at the Yale Forestry School.

Plot Plot# A counting number representing an existent plot Oie Total (kg/m2) Oven dry wt of total mass of Oie (kg/m2) kilogramsPerSquareMeter .01 real OM Mass kg/m2 Oven dry wt of organic matter mass of Oie (kg/m2) kilogramsPerSquareMeter .01 real LOI % Loss on Ignition of Oie (%) dimensionless .01 real -8888 Oa Total kg/m2 Oven dry wt of total mass of Oa (kg/m2) kilogramsPerSquareMeter .01 real OM Mass kg/m2 Oven dry wt of organic matter mass of Oa (kg/m2) kilogramsPerSquareMeter .01 real LOI % Loss on Ignition of Oa (%) dimensionless .01 real -8888